These are the questions Barbara had on the PowerPoint that we talked about in class. The answers are from the class discussion AND from the book.
· Why is the digestive system called the alimentary tube or canal?
The alimentary tube is open on both ends (like a tube!). It extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (pg. 370).
The accessory organs are the other part of the digestive system. These are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Digestion does not take place in these organs, but the help with the process.
·Name the 2 types of digestion
The two types of digestion are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion (pg. 370).
·What happens in the mouth with regards to mechanical digestion?
oMechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. Chewing happens in the mouth and breaks up the food into smaller pieces and mixes it with saliva.
·What happens in the mouth with regards to chemical digestion?
oChemical digestion begins in the mouth when the digestive enzymes in saliva (salivary amylase) begin to break down the molecules in specific foods. (pg. 372)
·Why does your mouth start watering from smelling dinner cooking or watching a food commercial?
oBecause the sight or smell of food can increase the presence of saliva. The anticipation is sending a message to the salivary glands. This is a parasympathetic response. (pg 372).
· What role does the tongue play with digestion?
oThe tongue has taste buds to make eating enjoyable. It also helps with chewing and swallowing (pg 372).
· What is saliva made from?
Saliva is made from blood plasma. It consists of mostly water and has the digestive enzyme amylase. (372).
· How do you pronounce ‘pharynx’?
oAccording to the book “FA-rinks”
· What is the purpose of the lower esophageal sphincter?
oThe LES keeps gastric juices out of the esophagus. It allows food to enter the stomach but then closes so nothing comes up (373).
· What does the muscular layer of the stomach do?
oIt helps to grind food and mix it with digestive juices (pg 376).
·What does the mucosa layer of the stomach do?
oIt protects the stomach from the Hydrochloric Acid. It keeps the stomach from digesting itself (376-377).
· Where does HCL come from and what does it do?
oHydrochloric Acid (HCL) comes from the parietal cells in the lining of the stomach. HCL changes pepsinogen into pepsin and that begins the digestion of proteins (pg 377).
· What are the three parts of the small intestine?
oThe three parts are the duodenum (First 10 inches), the jejunum (about 8 feel long), and the ileum (about 11 feet long). (pg 378).
· What is another name for the large intestine?
oThe colon (pg 385).
·What happens in the large intestine?
oThe large intestine absorbs water, and some minerals and vitamins (a very small amount). (385-386).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>What do you know about bile?
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Bile is made in the liver and travels through the hepatic duct and the cystic duct (which forms the common bile duct) into the gallbladder. The gallbladder release bile when it’s needed.
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Bile breaks down fats and is also what makes our poop brown. (pg 379).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>Briefly explain the function portal circulation
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Portal circulation takes the blood from the digestive organs (stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, and spleen) to the liver before returning it to the heart. The liver “filters” the blood. (pg. 301).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>The pancreas is called an exocrine organ and an endocrine organ. Why?
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>endocrine = a ductless gland that secretes its hormone directly into the blood.
<!–[if !supportLists]–>§ <!–[endif]–>the pancreas has hormone producing cells that produce glucagon and insulin (pg 235).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>exocrine = a gland that secretes its product into a duct to be taken to a cavity or surface.
<!–[if !supportLists]–>§ <!–[endif]–>the pancreas produces enzymes that are involved with digestion. (read page 379 for more information).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>Where does the uptake of nutrition take place?
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the small intestine (pg 383).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>What prevents the stomach from digesting itself?
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the mucosa layer
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· What does the stomach absorb?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the stomach absorbs water and alcohol (pg 383).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· What is the name of the area where the appendix is located?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the cecum (pg 385)
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Which is the most complex to digest, carbs/sugars, fats, or proteins? Why?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Proteins. It takes more enzymes to break it down to its final form. See page 374.
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Where does fat digestion start?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>In the small intestine (374).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Where does sugar digestion start?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>In the mouth (374).
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Can you label a diagram of the digestive system?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Try these links for practice http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/digest/digdiag.htm
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes6/muskopf/digestive.html
<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Can you spell and define the terms in the chapter?<!–[endif]–>
<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Look for the bold words in the chapter!
