Powerpoint from 5/1

Here is the Powerpoint Jacquie used in class today (Thursday): function-of-the-lymphatic-system2

 

If you need help, see Lynette Wells!

 

I’m sure most of you already know, but I wanted to post a reminder. Lynette Wells is the Pathway to Health Careers Academic Coordinator.

What does this mean?

Well, Lynette can help you in many ways:

– Tutoring

– Coordinating study groups

– Career planning (job search, resume etc.)

– Mentoring

– Help finding community resources

– Help finding money for books and tuition

– Material checkout (tape recorders, text books etc.)

– Academic Advising

I highly suggest that you find time to meet with her. I know most of you are very busy, but it will be worth your time to go see her.

Here is her information:

Email: lwells@whatcom.ctc.edu

Phone: (360) 676-2170 x3857

Office: Laidlaw 104

 

Powerpoint from 4/29

Here is the Powerpoint from the first half of class today:  Function of the lymphatic system

 

 

 

Notes from Thursday 4/24

Here is the immunity Powerpoint:    Immunity

Notes:

Introduction/Slide One:

Immunity weakens with age, making people more vulnerable. It is the ability to destroy pathogens or other foreign materials.

Antogens are chemical markers… they mark things as “of self” or “foreign.” Barbara related it to not recognizing someone and not being comfortable with their presence.

If cells are destroyed, they can die, get healthy, or pass on the damage.

Slide Two:

The military model is global / non-specific immunity. It provides general, wide-spread protection.
The police model is looking for “one bad guy” specifically.

Slide Four: 

An example of species resistance is that humans cannot get feline (cat) leukemia.

Phagocytes defend by chemically destroying and then eating.

Slide Six:

phil = granulocytes (with grains)

cyte = agranulocytes (without grains)

Neutrophils are the largest because they kill bacteria and we are exposed to a lot of bacteria in our lives.

Slide ten:

Know from the picture that the green things are bacteria and the Neutrophil is “like a firetruck on the freeway. It gets to the bacteria quickly.”

Slide Eleven:

Monocyte becomes macrophage. It “cleans up the battlefield.” If it can’t get it all cleaned up, it comes out of our bodies in the form of puss.

Slide Thirteen:

Viruses can adapt and they change quickly.

Bacteria can adapt as well, by becoming resistant.

Are there any good bacteria? Some. Are there any good viruses? No.

Slide Sixteen:

Know that inflammation is NOT infection. Example: a bruise — the body’s reaction to trauma.

 

IMPORTANT: Information regarding the first EXAM (Ch 1 & 3)

Hello everyone! I had a couple students ask me about #17 on the exam (the first exam). This is the question that says: Medial is the same as middle (True or False). If you chose True, it was marked wrong. This is because there is much more to it than just middle.

However, the book does say middle in the glossary, so Barbara has agreed to accept true as a correct answer as well. If you missed this question bring your test into Barbara and she will change it.

The correct information is:

Definition of Medial

 

Medial: 1. Pertaining to the middle; in or toward the middle; nearer the middle of the body. Medial is as opposed to lateral. For example, the medial side of the knee is the side closest to the other knee whereas the lateral side of the knee is the outside of the knee.

2. Within a multilayered structure, the center layer. The medial layer of the aorta is the middle layer. For example, necrosis of the medial layer of the aorta may lead to aortic rupture.

 

The word medial comes from the Latin medialis, from medius, meaning the middle. Medial is the adjective corresponding to the noun median, as in the median in a highway.

 

 

Study Guide NOTES!!!

Here are the study guide notes from the lecture, Powerpoint and the book. This is for Chapter 12. Please let me know if you see any errors. I double-checked everything!!

Just click on the link below to open the Word file.

ch-12-study-guide1

Some other things Jacquie mentioned in class:

be able to define hypertension / hypotension

know what viscosity of blood is

know that venous return is important because the heart can only pump blood it receives.

 

Powerpoint from 4/22 – Chapter 13 The Vascular System

Here is the PowerPoint from yesterday. Just click on the link below:

Vacular System

Here are the notes I took in class to go along with the PowerPoint:

Slide 2:

arterioles are smaller arteries

venules are smaller veins

Slide 3:

do veins pulse? No!! They have a thin middle layer because they do not regulate blood pressure.

arteries constrict or dilate. (see page 292-293).

Slides 4-6:

Exchange of materials: FOG (read page 295) for more information.

F=Filtration

O=Osmosis

G=Gases (move by diffusion)

Slide 7:

Hormones affecting Blood Pressure. Look at the diagram and read page 309.

*know that the kidney excretes Na+ ions and water, which decreases blood volume and lowers blood pressure.

What are organs involved with blood pressure? liver, lungs, kidney…

Slide 8: The Renin-Angiotensin Mechanism

see page 310-311

involves the kidneys. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin.

Slide 9: Nervous mechanisms that regulate blood pressure

see page 311-313

 

Part Two of the Heart!

Here is Part Two of the heart Powerpoint from class today (4/17).

the-heart-2

Also… remember that the review questions from Chapter 12 are due on Tuesday. They must be typed. If you turn them in on Tuesday, you will receive points AND you can use them on the test.

The workbook for Chapters 12 & 13 are due on the day of the test… Thursday.

 

 

“The Heart” Part One

Hello!!

Here is the Powerpoint from class today (4/15). Just click on the link below to open it.

The Heart (part 1)

 

Notes from “Pop Quiz” on PowerPoint 4/8

These are the questions Barbara had on the PowerPoint that we talked about in class. The answers are from the class discussion AND from the book.

· Why is the digestive system called the alimentary tube or canal?

The alimentary tube is open on both ends (like a tube!). It extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (pg. 370).

The accessory organs are the other part of the digestive system. These are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Digestion does not take place in these organs, but the help with the process.

 

·Name the 2 types of digestion

The two types of digestion are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion (pg. 370).

 

·What happens in the mouth with regards to mechanical digestion?

oMechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. Chewing happens in the mouth and breaks up the food into smaller pieces and mixes it with saliva.

 

·What happens in the mouth with regards to chemical digestion?

oChemical digestion begins in the mouth when the digestive enzymes in saliva (salivary amylase) begin to break down the molecules in specific foods. (pg. 372)

 

·Why does your mouth start watering from smelling dinner cooking or watching a food commercial?

oBecause the sight or smell of food can increase the presence of saliva. The anticipation is sending a message to the salivary glands. This is a parasympathetic response. (pg 372).

 

· What role does the tongue play with digestion?

oThe tongue has taste buds to make eating enjoyable. It also helps with chewing and swallowing (pg 372).

· What is saliva made from?

Saliva is made from blood plasma. It consists of mostly water and has the digestive enzyme amylase. (372).

· How do you pronounce ‘pharynx’?

oAccording to the book “FA-rinks”

· What is the purpose of the lower esophageal sphincter?

oThe LES keeps gastric juices out of the esophagus. It allows food to enter the stomach but then closes so nothing comes up (373).

· What does the muscular layer of the stomach do?

oIt helps to grind food and mix it with digestive juices (pg 376).

·What does the mucosa layer of the stomach do?

oIt protects the stomach from the Hydrochloric Acid. It keeps the stomach from digesting itself (376-377).

· Where does HCL come from and what does it do?

oHydrochloric Acid (HCL) comes from the parietal cells in the lining of the stomach. HCL changes pepsinogen into pepsin and that begins the digestion of proteins (pg 377).

· What are the three parts of the small intestine?

oThe three parts are the duodenum (First 10 inches), the jejunum (about 8 feel long), and the ileum (about 11 feet long). (pg 378).

· What is another name for the large intestine?

oThe colon (pg 385).

 

·What happens in the large intestine?

oThe large intestine absorbs water, and some minerals and vitamins (a very small amount). (385-386).

 

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>What do you know about bile?

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Bile is made in the liver and travels through the hepatic duct and the cystic duct (which forms the common bile duct) into the gallbladder. The gallbladder release bile when it’s needed.

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Bile breaks down fats and is also what makes our poop brown. (pg 379).

 

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>Briefly explain the function portal circulation

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Portal circulation takes the blood from the digestive organs (stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, and spleen) to the liver before returning it to the heart. The liver “filters” the blood. (pg. 301).

 

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>The pancreas is called an exocrine organ and an endocrine organ. Why?

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>endocrine = a ductless gland that secretes its hormone directly into the blood.

<!–[if !supportLists]–>§ <!–[endif]–>the pancreas has hormone producing cells that produce glucagon and insulin (pg 235).

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>exocrine = a gland that secretes its product into a duct to be taken to a cavity or surface.

<!–[if !supportLists]–>§ <!–[endif]–>the pancreas produces enzymes that are involved with digestion. (read page 379 for more information).

 

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>Where does the uptake of nutrition take place?

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the small intestine (pg 383).

 

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>What prevents the stomach from digesting itself?

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the mucosa layer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· What does the stomach absorb?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the stomach absorbs water and alcohol (pg 383).

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· What is the name of the area where the appendix is located?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>the cecum (pg 385)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Which is the most complex to digest, carbs/sugars, fats, or proteins? Why?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Proteins. It takes more enzymes to break it down to its final form. See page 374.

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Where does fat digestion start?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>In the small intestine (374).

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Where does sugar digestion start?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>In the mouth (374).

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Can you label a diagram of the digestive system?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Try these links for practice http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/digest/digdiag.htm

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes6/muskopf/digestive.html

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· Can you spell and define the terms in the chapter?<!–[endif]–>

<!–[if !supportLists]–>o <!–[endif]–>Look for the bold words in the chapter!